Posterous theme by Cory Watilo

Lessons on Leadership: Reflections from the River

DuFour's popularized leadership motto regarding the 'banks of the river'. The metaphor of benchmark testing as 'stream sampling for water quality'. The notion that 'you can never step in the same river twice'. In educational discussions, we use the metaphor of "the river" quite often, and for good reason. But how often do we examine these idioms? How often do we truly listen to what it is we are saying?

En route to the weekly grocery store run last weekend, I decided to take a detour, pulling off to a little put-in spot just off of the Rivanna River here in central Virginia. I felt a need to go to the river and just listen to it. I wanted to listen to it and take in whatever it had to say. Thankfully, it said a lot: the five lessons I "heard" lie below.

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Lesson 1: The river is much higher than the last time I visited, and seems to be moving much faster today than it normally does. To give you an idea of the differences, the photos above were taken in March 2012 and July 2011, respectively. I attribute the rapid water flow to the recent rainfall and melted snow that have collected upstream and danced their way to this spot in the path. It reminds me that this river is a part of a larger system, one piece in an extended watershed that is impacted greatly by its surrounding environment. It makes me wonder, how often do we lead teams right into the path that we have have navigated so many times before, only to find that it has been deeply affected by the enviroment around it?

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Lesson 2: Because of this increased volume of water, all of the spots that we explored last summer lay buried beneath the river's surface. These pictures and all of those following are only from this more recent trip. As you can see, the water has covered the land completely- until the water upstream has found its way down the path, I have no chance to make it to those reflective islands and peninsulas I remember, as they do not yet exist. 

Looking further across the river, I see one patch of land that has emerged above the surface of the water. On it, the flock of birds coming to this river for sustenance have collected, bunched together on the tiniest of resting places. It goes to show that no matter what happens, there is a place to stop and survey the scene, even if those places of respite are fewer in number and farther between than would be in ideal conditions.

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Lesson 3: While the banks of the river help to define its boundaries, the river's bed seems to dictate the river's movement at the surface. For example, I notice a huge dip in the surface of the river just before the spot where a white water rapid breaks. The stream moves fastest there in the middle, while on the outskirts its flow is interrupted by brush, eddy currents, and its general lack of momentum. As important as the banks of the river are to direct the path, I had never wondered how the river's bed would be represented in the metaphor, and how key it must be to the stream's environment.

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Lesson 4: White water turbulence shows up in the spots where large boulders hide just beneath the surface. While I have that baseline knowledge already, I only know in this case because I saw those obstacles there last year, when the river itself was more shallow. While I can't directly see these obstacles that lie ahead If I were traveling from upstream, I could see their effect on the upcoming environment, and plan to steer clear.

Another note of interest: while dangerous for a traveler, this white water spot also provides the prototypically calming sound of the flowing river. Without this turbulence, the river itself would be near silent. There is something important about this idea, that overcoming the biggest obstacles in the path can also provide the deepest level of calm.

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Lesson 5: It took a while to get here from where I entered the park. Finding the stream was a journey in and of itself. While walking the path set in front of me, I considered the experience of whoever the pioneer was who decided to lay gravel on this particular pathway. What did this path look like before it was set up so clearly for me?

Added note: Entering the path that would take me to the stream, I noticed an observation deck, recently built to allow those on the path toward the river to catch a glimpse of what they will find once they reach it. It reminds me of the importance of ensuring that those on the journey have a glimpse of the destination. In fact, that afternoon, a landscaping crew had begun clearing the shrubbery and still-standing-but-dead trees (which I recently learned are called 'snags') to allow for folks to see the view of the river from the deck. Not only must we build these "observation decks", we must maintain the view - otherwise, how likely is anyone to join us on the journey?

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A friend of mine hates idioms. If it starts with, "Well, you know what they say..." she refuses to say it, predominantly because she does not know exactly what it was originally intended to mean. As mentioned before, we tend to use a lot of metaphors and other idioms around rivers in relationship to leadership. Every once in a while, it's important to consider what it is we are saying versus what we intend to say. I am thankful to have experienced this opportunity to consider exactly what it is the river can tell us about ourselves, if only we take the time to listen.

Is It Testable? How Would You Test It?

"If the sun were the size of a grapefruit, how big would the planets in our solar system be? And how far away would they be from the sun?"

This question stared me in the face, boldly sketched with Crayola marker on a sheet of tri-folded cardboard. Juxtaposed around this question, a collection of photos, drawings and descriptions served as artifacts of one student's exploration of the topic.

It's science fair season in our schools, and earlier this week I found myself with the opportunity to visit one of our elementary school's displays of the products of their students' learning.

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What struck me most were the questions themselves. The questions that kids (particularly elementary-aged kids) have about their world never cease to amaze me! Some examples:

  • Do worms speed up the process of composition?
  • Is a dog's mouth or a person's mouth cleaner?
  • What is the best way to purify water?
  • What materials glow in a black light, and why?
  • Can a toilet paper roll hold your weight?
  • Do dogs have a "paw preference"? If so, are more dogs "right-pawed" or "left-pawed"?
  • What brand of soap expands the most when you put it in the microwave? And why?

(Note: I couldn't help but giggle at the "soap expanding in the microwave" one - it's so awesomely 'on the nose' - and I noticed that I wondered more deeply about each of the questions that added, "And why?")

As tends to be the case, these questions led me to more questions. While I wandered the hallways, appreciating the thought behind each student's approach to learning about their world, I wondered three things:

  • To what extent is each of these questions testable?
  • If I were curious enough to seek an answer to one of these questions, how would I test it?
  • Once I landed on an answer to this question, what would be my next one?

Thankfully, if I ever sought answers to any of these questions, I had some great starting points (and likely collaborators) in the explorations of these students. I hope that their personal journey of exploration led to an opportunity for them to ask a next question. Without fostering this continued inquiry about our universe, we'll be stuck with only knowing that which we know now.

As more schools display these kinds of products, I plan to periodically tweet some of these questions using the hashtag #howwouldyoutestit. If you run across similar questions that strike you as particularly interesting, consider sharing them with the world under that hashtag. Also, if you find yourself considering how you might test one of the questions given the opportunity, feel free to share that, too! 

Here's to hoping that each of us has the opportunity to become reacquainted with the childhood curiosity that still lives somewhere inside us. Leave it to 10-year olds to keep you wondering! 

Not Waving, But Drowning: A Companion Checklist

In the October issue of ASCD's Educational Leadership, I recently had the honor and privilege of having an article published around the concept of meeting teachers' needs.  Entitled "Not Waving, But Drowning", the article draws an analogy between a leader's response to overwhelmed teachers and a lifeguard's response to swimmers in trouble.  The analogy has helped me as a mental framework for strategizing my next steps within the many contexts of my day-to-day work alongside teachers in our school division.

As a companion to the article, I developed this infographic summary of the framework:

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While the visual representation does not necessarily replace the context that the article builds, it can serve as a simple reminder of the article's contents.  I actually printed out a copy of the picture and put it up on my bulletin board so that I would remember to check myself in my responses to the environment around me.  You are welcome to do the same.

In case it would be more conducive, here's a version as a downloadable pdf, as well as a black-and-white version in pdf form.  Hope it's helpful!

Shooting for Par: The Power of Purposeful Indicators

"Golf has too much walking to be a good game, and just enough game to spoil a good walk."

-- Henry Leon Wilson, 1904

A couple of weeks ago, I shared a brief anecdote of how tackling a problem like mosquito bites can help us better understand school improvement.  That story shed light for many on the recurring pitfalls that leaders tend to encounter in the process of strategic planning for organizational change. 

Such a story might be a helpful way of thinking about reaching goals in the short term, but what if the goal is more long-term?  Like perhaps...school improvement for student success?  Or even...getting good golf scores?  Can employing the thought behind strategic planning help a duffer like me start to shoot for par?  And more importantly, can describing a focused approach to becoming a better golfer really help to reframe strategic planning for school improvement?

After more than a few good walks spoiled, I'm willing to give it a shot.

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I'm far from a good golfer.  Up until this past spring, I rarely played.  But for some inexplicable reason, becoming better at the game has been on my to-do list for years.  Call it a beaten pride, a thirst for learning, or one too many spoiled walks: after my annual round this Spring Break ended up in the mid-130s again (60+ shots worse than the par of 72, for those unfamiliar with the game), I felt a need to improve. 

But how would I get better?  So far, all I knew is that my goal was to get better golf scores, and my strategy was to get better at golf.  That statement could neither be more true nor less helpful.  It didn't help me know how to act.

I decided that I needed some short-term goals, and some indicators of success toward those goals.  Up to that point, the only thing I "tracked" on the course had been my score, the number of times I struck the ball on each hole before hitting it into the cup.  So I downloaded an app to help me keep up with more than just my scores (MyCaddie Pro, for those interested in a great app that doubles as a GPS course map), and tried to decide what to start looking at.

One of my former students happened to be (and still is) a stud golfer, and he gave me some advice years ago that suddenly came to mind: "If you want to improve your score and you can only practice one thing, practice putting."  Remembering that my last round felt as if it had far too many putts, I decided to use that as my short-term goal: hit fewer putts per round.  More specifically, my goal became to get my average number of putts per round near 36 (an average of two per hole).  Naturally, my indicator was number of putts per round.  While I had no strategy to reach this goal, at least I had a goal, one that felt attainable. 

And then, I went to play.  And over the next three rounds I played, I noticed I still had pretty high scores, without any clue as to how to improve them. After averaging around 43 putts per round (7 higher than my goal), how was I supposed to get any better?

Looking at my scorecard, I noticed an interesting trend, one that helped me recognize that perhaps I was viewing my goal all wrong.  (How often does that happen in the process of school improvement?)  In a classroom situation, I would give you a copy of a couple scorecards and let you look for any trends in putting scores yourself.  Why not do the same now?

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Instead of revealing my own thinking, I'll share another set of scorecards, all collected after having reframed my putting goal (and thus shifting the indicator for success accordingly).  Notice anything different about the putting scores?

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Well, for one thing, the scores are lower: 5 putts better per round, on average.  I'm sure that a large part of that improvement has to do with continued practice.  Personally, I attribute that success to one thing: I reframed my goal based on trends I saw in the data.  I started this experiment with the short-term goal of getting my average number of putts per round to 36 (an average of two per hole).  In the first group of scores, I noticed that I had far too many holes with more than two putts.  I realized that I would never reach my goal until I eliminated those 3-putt and 4-putt holes.

I have now reframed my goal: to reduce the number of holes where I have more than two putts.  As a result of the reframed goal, my indicator of success changed from the average putts per round to the number of holes per round where I had more than two putts.

It may seem like a semantic difference, but this clarifying change has brought to light a strategy that has helped immensely in my putting.  Since my goal is now to reduce the number of holes where I putt more than twice, I have taken to the strategy of not necessarily trying to make the first putt.  Instead, I now imagine a hula-hoop up to 5' in diameter surrounding the hole; my strategy is, with my first putt, I try to hit the ball into that imaginary hula-hoop.  My thinking is that I'm not relistically going to make too many 20-foot putts.  How many of those 20-footers can I get within three feet?  Because I can tap in from three feet without a problem.  It sounds a little hokey, but this strategy has helped me to hit far fewer 3- and 4-putt holes, while still knocking down the occasional long-distance shot on the first putt.

What does ANY of this have to do with School Improvement?

Playing golf is one of my breaks from thinking about work, and yet I find myself thinking about work a lot while playing golf.  Funny how that happens, isn't it?

In the process of School Improvement, it is so important not only to have a goal, but to have the right goal, one that is clear and "actionable" (if that's even the right word for this context).  In this golf example, I had a fine goal, but it wasn't until I reframed that goal that an effective strategy became clear.  In school improvement, how often do we settle for the first goal, instead of thinking long enough and hard enough to find the right one for right now?

Also, just as in my mosquito example from the last post, the indicators here are directly tied to the goal in question.  I don't keep data on how far back I pull my club while putting, or where I put my feet relative to my hands.  Instead, I tie the indicator directly to the goal: number of putts per round, number of holes per round with more than two putts.  Just like the importance of the clarified goal, there was a certain power in landing on a more purposeful indicator, one that more directly measured the issue I was seeing in my game.  While keeping up with the number of greater-than-2-putt holes may be a bit more challenging than tracking total putts, it is a much better indicator for the issues in my game.  In school improvement, how often do we settle for the indicator that's easy to measure, instead of thinking long enough and hard enough to find the ones that are important and purposeful enough to measure?

Finally, while I keep those indicators on my scorecard in front of me at all times, my focus on the actual course stays on the strategies I have chosen in order to impact those indicators.  While playing, I'm not thinking about getting par; I'm trying to hit a solid tee shot.  On the green, I'm not concerned with reducing my number of 3-putt holes; I'm trying to putt the ball into that imaginary hula-hoop.  Sometimes, strategic plans take on a life of their own, causing those involved to forget that the purpose of the plan is to help us know how to act.  After choosing a path, schools must put their energies into fully implementing the strategies they have identified in their plans, while keeping their eyes on the chosen indicator to see if their work is having the desired effect.  It seems like both the most difficult and the most important part of strategic planning: studying the right combinations of actions and results to see if our work leads to the desired outcomes.

As for me, so far I'm happy with the results of my little "hula-hoop" strategy, and I am confident that it will help me get better golf scores (the long-term outcome, in my case...aside from having fun, of course).  Next, I've decided to start tracking the number of fairways I hit with my tee shot.  After one round of tracking, I've noticed that I miss to the right of the fairway A LOT.  Like, "missed-right-of-all-but-one-fairway-in-a-whole-round" a lot.  While I have no strategy as of yet on how to get the tee shot going straighter, I'm hopeful that keeping track of it will help me enjoy a few more good walks in the future.

Bitten by the School Improvement Bug

How much can we learn about school improvement by paying a little attention to something completely unrelated to school improvement?  Let's find out...

I was sitting on my porch this evening, doing a little of the three R's - 'riting, reading, reflecting (sorry, math folks...no 'rithmetic this time) when I noticed a minor annoyance.  Pesky mosquitos slowly buzzed their way onto my legs, as they are wont to do on a balmy evening in central Virginia.  At least, I assumed there were mosquitos, as I did not see or hear any of them.  All I had to show from their visit were a couple of red bumps on my calves.  Bumps that slowly started to itch.  And itch.  And itch.

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Image from: http://www.how-to-draw-funny-cartoons.com/

While I started to scratch my leg to relieve the uncomfortable sensation, I knew that I had found a problem: I needed to stop these bugs from biting me.

As I continued to write, I became more aware of the mosquitos in my surroundings.  I saw a few flying around the porch, and would periodically notice one land on my leg.  That sense of awareness was of course followed by a quick and thorough intervention: with one swift smack, the couple of bugs I caught lay dead at my feet.  While I may end up with a slight bruise at some point (as I think I was a little overzealous with my slaps), "crisis" had been averted.  

Unfortunately, I was not able to catch all of the bugs in this way: before I knew it, two more bite marks surfaced on my legs.  

It would have been easy enough to go inside for my 3R's time, but I was a little hellbent on enjoying the evening air.  I realized I needed a new plan.  I remembered that we had some Off! spray in the house, and decided to go in and make use of it.  At the same time, I noticed one of our citronella candles next to me, and realized that lighting the candle may help.  Walking inside, I grabbed the bottle of Off! and a box of matches.  After spraying my legs and arms, I proceeded to light the candle and bring it next to my spot of intended repose.

Hopefully, I thought, this plan will work.  How will I know it worked?  Well, for starters, I'll end up without any new welt marks as a result of these bug bites.

Sure enough, over the next twenty minutes, I was not bitten by a single additional mosquito.  As dusk approached, I celebrated in my success, blew out the candle, and headed inside.

But What Does It All Mean, Basil?

Naturally, I went to my "organizational change" place and put this situation into that context: how would this situation have been written using the language of school improvement?

  • GOAL: Stop these bugs from biting me.
  • KPI: Number of mosquito bites on my legs and arms
  • STRATEGY 1: Kill the bugs by slapping them as they reach my legs.  (This was not successful.)
  • STRATEGY 2: Repel the bugs by lighting a citronella candle and spraying Off! on my legs.  (Success!)

What can we learn by focusing on such a mundane event?

What first jumps out at me is the relationship between my goal, my indicator of success, and my strategies.  While it seems like it goes without saying, I arrived at the goal before deciding on the strategies- the strategies then arose naturally as a response to the problem needing to be addressed.  In instances of planning for school improvement, how often do we fix our eyes on an appealing strategy without considering whether or not it addresses our needs?  Doing so is just would like saying, "Hey, I have a can of Off!  Let's spray it!"

Secondly, while my strategy did change mid-stream, my goals did not, and neither did my indicators of successful goal attainment.  In my mind, indicators are inextricably tied to the goals: they are the measure of progression toward reaching a goal, and would not change just because the strategy has shifted.  It makes me wonder, how often do we change our indicators based on a shift in strategy?

Admittedly, I did not do a very good job of isolating my strategies.  In the future, I have no idea which strategy was helpful in repeling the mosquitos: the candle or the Off! spray.  At this point, all I know is that to avoid being bitten, I should use both the candle and the Off! spray.  In that sense, how often do we combine multiple strategies in our plans for improvement to the extent that we would be unsure of how to replicate success?

Finally, part of the success of this "plan" was rethinking the implementation strategy.  My first response had been to consider ways of killing the bugs.  Had I continued down that path, I may have ended up with a flyswatter in place of the candle, or a fumigator in place of the Off!  Instead, by rethinking the strategy from "exterminate" to "repel", I came to a solution that was helpful.  If I wanted a long-term solution in this realm, I could always screen in the porch or something (though I had neither the time, expertise, or desire to do so this evening).  There were a myriad of other options, each of which may have been just as effective in achieving my goal.  The question is, of all the responses I could have, which of these strategies best fits this moment in time, for this situation?

Hope this post is neither too simplistic nor too esoteric- just thought I would share a couple musings around school improvement from a guy who is now in desperate search of some Bactine.

Flip On the Tube! 5 Made-for-TV Video Sites for Science Instruction

This is the third in a series of blog posts, collecting links to websites that contain some interesting videos for teachers looking to "flip their classroom" without starting from scratch.  (For more on what it means to flip a classroom, see Monday's introductory post.)  For each site below, I have tried to summarize by including information about

  • content areas collected on the site,
  • the intended grade level/age of viewers, and
  • the type/style of video (e.g. lecture with written notes, music video, made-for-TV)

There should also be an example video posted along each title.  Between the description, the links, and sample video, you should end up with a pretty good idea of what you're getting into.  (Note: after being organized into categories, these sites are listed alphabetically by title, not based on any evaluation of relative quality.) 

Made-for-TV Videos

Mythbusters http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/mythbusters/

Content Areas: Scientific process skills and engineering around a variety of topics

Intended Age Group: Most clips would be all right for ages 8+, though be sure to screen topics accordingly

Style of videos: Problem-focused vignette as two (or more) people try to design a solution

Sample video: Dimpled Car MiniMyth

Description: Mythbusters Jamie & Adam are at it again!  As most know, these two (and their newly-formed team) challenge widely-held beliefs of all shapes and sizes, using science to debunk myth.  Discovery.com has collected over 1,000 clips from the show on their website.  The clips- ranging from 60 seconds to 5 minutes- could serve a great purpose as a focusing tool, or as a model for engineering, problem-solving, or investigation.  The downside: the clips on this site are not really organized in any way.  To find something of value to you in your classroom, be ready to do some searching and some bookmarking.

NBC Learn http://www.nbclearn.com/

Content Areas: Physics (Science of NFL Football, Science of the WInter Olmpics), Chemistry (Chemistry Now!), and Earth Science (The Changing Planet)

Intended Age Group: I've used these resources with students as young as 3rd grade, as old as 12th.  

Style of videos: What you might expect in a feature story on the news- interviews, stock footage, telestrated explanations over video.

Sample video: The Chemistry of Chocolate

Description: The team at NBC News got collected, produced, and archived these resources for the K-12 classroom.  The subject matter of each collection puts the content into a context that matters to kids.  (My pesonal favorite: Science of the Winter Olympics!)  A select few videos (about 100 altogether) are free for use in classrooms, while the rest of the collection require a subscription.

One interesting tidbit: NBC Learn uses a media player called a Cue Card™ that supports various media besides video.  It is also “flippable”:  like a flash card, the media player provides bibliographic information, clickable keywords and a citation generator on the back, and a full transcript along the side.

SportScience http://search.espn.go.com/sports-science/videos/6

Content Areas: Mostly physics, though several touch on biology- or chemistry-related topics

Intended Age Group: Like NBC Learn, I have used these with all ages of student.

Style of videos: TV scientists pose a question, and measure data from athletes' performance in order to answer the question

Sample video: Jayron Hosley - Reaction Time and Speed

Description: John Brenkus and the SportScience team mix Mythbusters with SportsCenter to bring SportScience, a show that digs into the science behind the world of sports.  In most situations, the clips consist of Brenkus posing a question about an athlete: "How does Rory McElroy drive the ball so far off the tee?"  "How fast is Jayron Hosley?"  "Can Chicago Bear Devin Heser outrun a real bear?"  The team then goes into data collection mode, strapping high-tech probes and tracking equipment to the athlete in order to study his/her movements.  The data is then analyzed in order to try and answer the initial question.

ESPN has collected about 100 3 to 5 minute clips on their website.  Unfortunately, like the Mythbusters site, the organizational structure of this site leaves a bit to be desired- teachers will need to be ready to spend a little time digging here to find just the content they need.  (Be sure to bookmark it in some way once you find it!)

Time Warp http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/time-warp/time-warp.html

Content Areas: Bit of a mixed bag, though there is a lot of physics.

Intended Age Group: Generally for older viewers, though I think everyone could be easily awed by the super high-speed camera.  Given that explosions and fire are often a topic of conversation, be wary of the clip in its totality before assigning it.

Style of videos: Hosts Jeff Lieberman and Matt Kearney pose questions, and then film subjects with a super high-speed camera in order to see events in super slow motion (which hopefully helps to answer the question at hand).

Sample video:  Nucleation in a Soda Geyser

Description: Like SportScience, Time Warp digs into the science behind that which happens too quickly for our eyes to see.  Through the use of a high-speed camera, the hosts are able to capture many more frames per second than your average video camera, allowing us to receive much more information about what really happens in the blink of an eye!  The site has two different video sets.  One set of 20 videos from HowStuffWorks.com goes into more of an explanation for phenomena like bubbles, rockets, and fire walking.  The other is a collection of interactive videos where the user controls the speed and direction of the playback- perhaps to answer a question of his or her own!  While these vids may not be of enough substance to fly as flipped videos on their own, the interactive videos might cool enough of a resource to be used in the classroom during application time.

Twig Science http://twig-it.com/

Content Areas: Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, and Physics

Intended Age Group: These have different videos for all ages of students.

Style of videos: Most I have seen are documentary-style, with a single speaker scripted over archived footage from the BBC, NASA, etc.

Sample video: How Hot is the Earth's Core?

Description: Twig Science is a company based out of the UK advertised as providing "outstanding short films on science...made with teachers, for teachers."  They are not lying.  The videos I have seen are short (usually no more than 3 minutes or so), and outstanding in quality and clarity.  As described about BrainPop in yesterday's post, Twig Science also offers several supplementary resources that could be used in conjunction with these videos, including sample lesson plans, checks for understandings, The organizational mindmap is an impressive feature, as well.  Also like BrainPop, Twig Science is a paid site.  The free videos give a taste of what's inside (including a nice categorization between "Core Concept" videos and "Extension" videos), but to get full access, there's a fee involved.

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If you know of any other resources that fit this description, please share them in the comments boxes.  Happy flipping!

 

Still Ready to Flip? 4 Lecture-Style Video Sites for Science Instruction

This is the next in a series of blog posts, collecting links to websites that contain some interesting videos for teachers looking to "flip their classroom" without starting from scratch.  (For more on what it means to flip a classroom, see Monday's introductory post.)  For each site below, I have tried to summarize by including information about

  • content areas collected on the site,
  • the intended grade level/age of viewers, and
  • the type/style of video (e.g. lecture with written notes, music video, made-for-TV)

There should also be an example video posted along each title.  Between the description, the links, and sample video, you should end up with a pretty good idea of what you're getting into.  (Note: after being organized into categories, these sites are listed alphabetically by title, not based on any evaluation of relative quality.)

Lecture-Style Videos

Hippocampus http://www.hippocampus.org/

Content Areas: Biology, Environmental Science, and Physics, as well as several other disciplines

Intended Age Group: These videos seem to align to high school textbooks, though most students of any age could probably follow along.

Style of videos: Predominantly one speaker over animated slides of information

Sample video: NOAA: Plate Tectonics

Description: As described in the last post, Hippocampus is a project dedicated to providing multimedia content on general education without charge.  I included it both here and in the Animated Video Explanation sections, since most of its videos are still lecture-based.  All in all, still a pretty solid 'first stop' on the road to finding the right content for a flipped classroom concept.  Don't forget about the 'new look' webiste, still in beta version as of August 30, 2011.

Khan Academy http://www.khanacademy.org/

Content Areas: Earth, Life & Physical are all represented, as well as anything else they can find a speaker to talk about.

Intended Age Group: While focused on high school and college content, the language is such that most anyone interested could understand, regardless of age.

Style of videos: Lecture-style over an individual drawing in real time.

Sample video: Photosynthesis- The Calvin Cycle


Description: Like it or hate it, Khan Academy is a force when it comes to flipped classroom resources.  Sal Khan has collected seemingly thousands of lecture-style videos on his website, and made them free for the masses.  Most are anywhere between 10 and 20 minutes in length, using relatively straightforward explanations for interested parties to "sit and get" the requisite content.  In many ways, this resource is an audio textbook with a written video complement.  While it's personally not my style, I wouldn't hate on anyone using it.  After all, what is it that Ben Franklin once said...?

MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm

Content Areas: Much of MIT's undergrad course materials is available here on the web, though not all courses have audio/video available.

Intended Age Group: These were generated for the use of college students, though I am sure they would be applicable to certain high school science courses.

Style of videos: Most I have seen are lecture-style videos of a professor engaging in demonstrations, explanations and derivations in front of a group of students.

Sample video: Work, Energy and Universal Gravitation (fast-forward to 45:40 for the start of the famous conservation of energy demo involving a 15-kg wrecking ball, and 48:10 for the actual drop)

Description: MIT has released video lectures and other course content for free via OpenCourseWares.  This means exactly what it sounds like it means: you and your students have access to a plethora of lectures by a variety of renown science professors at one of the most prestigious technical colleges in the whole world.  You can download them from iTunes U, watch them on YouTube, or view them at the website listed above.  The downside: finding the content to which you wish to direct students can be a chore, like finding a needle in the proverbial haystack.  Given that most of the lectures are 40+ minutes long (likely longer than you would hope students to watch on their own), you will have to be ready to scan through the vids to find exactly the content you wish for students to see, and then bookmark it in some way for future use.  (Pretty cool having Prof. Lewin in your living room though, right?)

Twig Science http://twig-it.com/

Content Areas: Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, and Physics

Intended Age Group: These have different videos for all age students.

Style of videos: Most I have seen are documentary-style, with a single speaker scripted over archived footage from the BBC, NASA, etc.

Sample video: How Hot is the Earth's Core?

Description: Twig Science is a company based out of the UK advertised as providing "outstanding short films on science...made with teachers, for teachers."  They are not lying.  The videos I have seen are short (usually no more than 3 minutes or so), and outstanding in quality and clarity.  As described about BrainPop in yesterday's post, Twig Science also offers several supplementary resources that could be used in conjunction with these videos, including sample lesson plans, checks for understandings, The organizational mindmap is an impressive feature, as well.  Also like BrainPop, Twig Science is a paid site.  The free videos give a taste of what's inside (including a nice categorization between "Core Concept" videos and "Extension" videos), but to get full access, there's a fee involved.

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If you know of other sites that would fit this criteria, please share them in the comments section below.  Happy flipping!

Ready to Flip? 3 Animated Video Sites for Science Instruction

Recent posts, tweets & articles have anointed "reverse instruction" and flipped classrooms as the wave of today's future.  (See The Flipped Classroom Network for a short video description, and Dan Pink's article on Karl Fisch's reverse instruction techniques for more examples of this type of instruction.  Or just Google 'flipped classroom'.)  Teachers across the world are turning their instruction upside-down, delivering knowledge-focused content that would normally comprise class time as video homework instead.  Generally (though not always) lecture-driven, these videos open up opportunities to bring the application of content knowledge into the classroom, skills that had previously been saved for "drill & kill" homework.  It's an interesting concept- one that I expect would appeal to those looking for ways to get more authentic learning opportunities through the classroom door, or others trying to shed the label of "sage on the stage" in favor of becoming the "guide on the side".

Of course, in order to offer "take-home" exposure to content, one must have access to quality videos about the topics at hand.  As with anything else, you can either make them or find them elsewhere (or some combination of the two).  

Hence this series of blog posts, a collection of links to websites containing some interesting videos of all styles and subjects, any of which could potentially fit a teacher's "flipping" needs.  Over the next week, I'll publish posts where I have sorted video sites into one of four categories: Animated Video ExplanationsLecture-Style VideosMade-for-TV Videos, and YouTube DIY-Style Videos. For each site, I have tried to summarize by including information about

  • content areas collected on the site,
  • the intended grade level/age of viewers, and
  • the type/style of video (e.g. lecture with written notes, music video, made-for-TV)

There should also be an example video posted along each title.  Between the description, the links, and sample video, you should end up with a pretty good idea of what you're getting into.  (Note: after being organized into categories, these sites are listed alphabetically by title, not based on any evaluation of relative quality.)

Animated Video Explanations

Brain Pop http://www.brainpop.com/

Content Areas: Earth, Life & Physical are all represented, as is Engineering (and several other disciplines, too)

Intended Age Group: In the site's Standards Search, there are related videos and activities PK-12.

Style of videos: Animated cartoon characters responding to e-mail questions

Sample video: http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/windenergy/ 

Description: These videos are usually between 3-5 minutes in length (something common among most of the more effective sites), making the point clearly and concisely.  Following each video, students have the option of completing an activity, taking a online quiz, or going into the FAQs to learn more.  The stories in the videos themselves bring some context upon which students could build within class time.  There's also a nice little Educator's Corner with some resources (including those for the IWB) that might be of interest.  One downside: This is a paid site.  While there are several "freebies" available on the site, those only help you out if they apply to your curriculum.

CommonCraft http://www.commoncraft.com

Content Areas: Organized into 4 categories: "Green", "Money", "Society", and "Technology".

Intended Age Group: Generally a site intended for adult learning, though I'll bet kids grade 3 and up could follow just fine, depending on purpose.

Style of videos: Narration over cut-out images and hand gestures that visually represent the narrative text

Sample video: CFL Light Bulbs in plain English

Description: These videos are intended as "plain English" explanations of normally complicated Web 2.0 buzzwords: RSS, Cloud Computing, Blogs, and Social Media in the Workplace are but a few of the topics addressed by the site.  This is the first place I go when looking for ways to explain technically complex IT topics.  Fear not, those looking for non-tech content: the folks at CommonCraft have also created a couple of explanations around more people-centered topics such as Electing a US President and CFL Light Bulbs.  If nothing else, it's worth looking at this style of video to give you some ideas of ways to present content to your own students.  And if you're looking for a little laugh, check out Zombies in plain English.  "Remember, zombies don't eat candy.  Only brains!"

P.S. Commoncraft also has a YouTube channel.

Hippocampus http://www.hippocampus.org/

Content Areas: Biology, Environmental Science, and Physics, as well as several other disciplines

Intended Age Group: These videos seem to align to high school textbooks, though most students of any age could probably follow along.

Style of videos: Predominantly one speaker over animated slides of information

Sample video: Water & Life: An Overview

Description: HippoCampus is a project of the Monterey Institute for Technology and Education (MITE). According to the website, "the goal of HippoCampus is to provide high-quality, multimedia content on general education subjects to high school and college students free of charge."  All in all, this is a pretty solid 'first stop' on the road to finding the right content for a flipped classroom concept.  While other paid websites may house more 'engaging' presentations than some of those available here, this site is so dense and full of great info that it would be a shame to pass it by.  Hippocampus is also in development of a new look for their site to serve more as a curator of free online digital content- as it fills out, the site would be another great place to kick-start ideas for your classroom.

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If you know of other sites that would fit this criteria, please share them in the comments section below.  Happy flipping!

Gone, But Not Forgotten

Since taking a position outside of the classroom three years ago, I always get a little antsy as the school year approaches. No matter how much I enjoy my current role (and I enjoy it very much), I can't help but miss the buzz of the year's beginning in a school. Wide eyes of incoming students starting a brand new year of physics classes, smiles and high-fives from colleagues in the hallway, energizing exhaustion from organizing and re-organizing the classroom space: few experiences match the energy of those moments in the year.

In that vein, I was driving home this afternoon reflecting on an old adage: "Gone, but not forgotten." It's a sentiment often saved for retirements and funerals, but it could be applied for any of us that have moved to a new role, a new school, a new profession. I started hoping that while I may be gone from the classroom I "lived in" for 7 years, I am not forgotten in the eyes of those former students and co-workers. 

I ruminated on that sentiment for a few minutes...and then I considered its opposite:

"Here, but not remembered."

I'm guessing it goes without saying that the former would easily trump the latter. But how many of us have considered whether or not we will be remembered for what we do right now?

Another adage comes to mind, one which was debatably coined by either Confucius, the Buddha, or my Uncle Jim: "No matter where you go...once you get there, you look around, and there you are." And just like the mall directory always points out for us:

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What will you do today, while you are wherever "here" is for you, to ensure that you are remembered? That one day, you will be gone, but not forgotten?

I'm hopeful that every day, each of us can drive home thinking, "If I'm remembered for that, I have lived a good life." The question is, how did today stack up against that vision?

Why Average? Alternatives to Averaging Grades

(Part 3 of the "Why Average?" trilogy from the week of Aug 7-14. Here's Part 1. Here's Part 2.)

Over the past week, the topic of averaging grades has risen to the forefront of the twitter-verse.  Posts abound around the issues that professional educators have with lumping several disparate values together in the hopes of describing a student's level of competence or understanding.  (For reminder of these posts, see Why Average?, xkcd's TornadoGuard, David Wees' A Problem with Averages, and Frank Noschese's Grading and xkcd.)

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http://kishmath421.pbworks.com/w/page/7782913/Math-Cartoons

After seeing so many (including myself) highlight the inadequacy of averaged grades, the words of our county's assistant superintendent come to mind: "If you offer a problem, you'd better be ready to suggest a solution."  That being said, here are a few alternatives to sole reliance on averaging student data to describe their competence, organized by the issues described in Part 2 of this "Why Average?" trilogy.

Issue 1: Averages of data that do not match intended outcomes do not suddenly describe outcome achievement.

The xkcd comic (along with the correlation to education on Frank's blog) ties in most closely to this issue.  So often, we as educators assign points (and therefore value) to things that do not necessarily relate to outcome achievement.  Assigning grades for homework completion, timeliness- even extra credit for class supplies- and combining them with outcome achievement data introduces a high level of "grade fog", where anyone looking at the final grade would have a high degree of difficulty in parsing out the components that led to a student's grade.

In his article, "Zero Alternatives", Thomas Guskey lays out the six overall purposes that most educators have for assigning grades:

  1. To communicate the achievement status of students to parents and others.
  2. To provide information students can use for self-evaluation.
  3. To select, identify, or group students for specific educational paths or programs.
  4. To provide incentives for students to learn.
  5. To evaluate the effectiveness of instructional programs.
  6. To provide evidence of a student’s lack of effort or inability to accept responsibility for inappropriate behavior.

Frank Noschese's blog post highlights these cross-purposes: in the image paired with the xkcd comic, the student's grade of B seems to come from averaging grades that are meant to provide motivation ("I do my homework", "I participate in class"), responsibility ("I organize my binder") and information on achievement ("I still don't know anything").

The simple answer to this issue would be to stop averaging grades for things like homework completion, class participation, and responsibility together with values for student achievement.  Instead, make grades specifically tied to meeting standards and course objectives.  Of course, if it were that easy, we would all be doing it, right?  I guess the bigger question is, How do we provide the desired motivation and accountability without tying it to a student's grade?  Guskey's article suggests several ideas for how one might differentiate these cross-purposes.  Other alternatives from my own practice include:

  • Reporting non-academic factors separate from a student's grade. Character education is an important part of a student's profile, though it does not necessarily need to be tied to the student's academic success.  One way of separating the two would be to report the two separately.  I used to have a category in my gradebook specifically for these kinds of data, though the category itself had no weight relative to the overall grade.  Providing specific feedback to students (and their parents) on topics of organization and timeliness separate from achievement grades can go a long way toward getting behaviors to change.
  • Setting "class goals" for homework and class participation.  Sometimes, there is no better motivator than positive "peer pressure".  One of my bulletin boards in my classroom had a huge graph set up, labeled, "Homework completion as a function of time".  Each day, we would take our class' average homework completion, and put a sticker on the graph that corresponded to that day's completion rate for the class.  We set the class goal as 85% completion every day, and drew that level as the "standard" to be met.  As a class, if we consistently met that standard over the nine-week term, there was a class reward.  One unintended consequence: each class not only held themselves to the standard, but also "competed" with other class periods for homework supremacy!  (Of course, there was that one class that made it their mission to be the worst at completing homework...goes to show that not every carrot works for every mule.)
  • Making homework completion a 'ticket' for mastery-style retests. If homework's general purpose is to promote understanding, one would assume a correlation between homework completion and achievement.  While I 'checked' for homework completion on a daily basis and recorded student scores under a "Homework" category, that category had no weight in the student's overall grade.  Instead, once the summative assessment came up, those students who did not reach the sufficient level of mastery needed to show adequate attempts on their previously assigned work before we could set a plan for their re-assessment.  You may think that students would "blow off" their homework assignments in this situation- and some did, initially.  However, once they engaged in the process, students did what was expected of them.  Over time, there was no issue with students being unmotivated to do their homework as necessary.

Issue 2: Averages of long-term data over time do not suddenly describe current state understanding.

This issue is a little trickier to manage.  On his blog Point of Inflection, Riley Lark summed up his thinking on the subject of how to best describe current state understanding with a combination of long-term data in a post entitled, Letting Go of the Past.  In the post, he compares straight averages to several other alternatives, including using maximums and the "Power Rule" (or decaying average).  I strongly suggest all those interested in this topic read Riley's post.  Riley has since created ActivGrade, a standards-based gradebook on the web that "[makes] feedback the start of the conversation- instead of the end."

For some other resources for ideas:

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At the heart of the question "Why Average?" is a push to purpose.  While none of the ideas described in this trilogy of posts are inherently right, at the very least, I hope that it has brought readers some "jumping-off points" on how to ensure that their methods match their intended purpose.  We owe at least that much to our students.  If you have other resources, ideas, or questions that would extend the conversation further, please share them by all means.